Circular loom



Sept. 9; 1941.

F/Ci.2.

l. BAUMGARTEN CIRCULAR LOOM Filed Sept. 19, 1939 4 Shees-Sheet l I 1 I vu INVENTOR IMREL BAUMGARTEN BYMM K.

ATTORNELYS p 1941. I. BAUMGARTEN 2,255,608

CIRCULAR LOOM Filed Sept. 19, 1939 4 Sheets-Sheet INVENTORI IMRE BAUMGARTEN @MQZQQ ATTORNEYS Sept. 9, 1941. 1. BAUMGARTEN 2,255,608

CIRCULAR LQOM Filed Sept. 1.9, 1959 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR= IMRE. BAUMGARTEN' BY aqiw ATTORNEVS P 1941- l. BAUMGARTEN 2,255,608

CIRCULAR LOOM Filed Sept. 19, 1959 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 mvewToR= IMRE. BAUMGARTEN v BYQQZZZMMQZ AT TOR N 5Y5 Patented Sept. 9, 1941 r CIRCULAR LOOM Imre Baumgarten, Budapest, Hungary, assignor,

by direct and mesne assignments, to Teltsch, Budapest, Hungary Arnold Application September 19, 1939, Serial No. 295,570

In Germany July 20,

3 Claims.-

The invention relates to a circular loom for the manufacture of hats and hat-shaped structures, having an electrically driven shuttle which carries means for pressing the weft threads into position as well as having one or more Jacquard machines arranged above the loom and controlled by the shuttle for the purpose of forming the shed and for the periodical multiplication of the weft, especially for the manufacture of hats and hat-shaped structures.

In order to prevent all contact between the shuttle and the layer of warp-thread and thus all deleterious friction and mechanical strain upon the warp threads, the loom in each case consists of sections having approximately the shape of the letter h and being arranged vertically side by side in a circle with interstices, and which constitutes the shuttle race, is so designed that the shuttle with its weft bobbin, driving motor, run wheels and guide rollers, is positively guided on the race, so that it remains within the section of the particular shed.

In addition to having the jacquard machine which is electrically driven by means of relays and solenoids, and which controls the warp threads, arranged above the loom, the individual bobbins carrying the warp threads are arranged about the loom in sucha manner that the loom is easily accessible from all sides. For this purpose there is provided merely an electric connection between the loom trough and jacquard machine and the controlis effected by means of the revolving shuttle.

Said shuttle is according to the invention provided with a means for exerting pressure, for ex.- ample a rotatable pressure disk which is movable radially with respect to the work-piece and vertically, acting within the shed for the purpose of pressing the inserted weft thread into position in the finished fabric and for manufacturing uniformly tight cones, said disk undergoing during the individual stages of the course of hat manufacture, pressures of differing magnitude which may however be determined in ad- Vance.

The invention is described in detail with refer= ence to the accompanying drawings which illustrate one constructional form thereof by way of example. In the drawings:

, the castings of which the loom. trough is constituted, also the shuttle which revolves therein, with its wheels shown diagrammatically.

Figure 4 illustrates, also diagrammaticallythe,

electric arrangement.

Figure 5 illustrates on a larger scale the shuttle having a weft thread beating up device, as seen from above.

Figure 6 is a vertical cross-section on the line 6-6 of Figure 5.

Figure 7 illustrates a further constructional form of the weft thread beating up device with a portion of the shuttle on a larger scale, seen from above, and

Figure 8 is a vertical cross-section on the line I 8-8 in Figure 7.

In the case of the circular loom illustrated in Figure 1 the loom trough is constituted by approximately h-shaped castings l arranged radially in a circle, and held together by upper and lower rings 2 and 3. Gaps are provided between the castings for the warp threads 5 coming from the bobbins 4 which are rotatably mounted and together form a truncated conical surface, only the warp threads actually in the plane of the drawings being shown on the left hand side.

The loom trough is attached to a supporting frame ii. In the vertical centre axis of the loom there is disposed the hat shape I which moves vertically during the weaving process, and at the apex of which the warp threads to be used at the beginning of the weaving process are attached in a depression 59.

The shafts 8 which raise and lower the warp threads are passed through and guided in the bores provided in the upper and lower ring portionsii and It of the weaving basket. The lower ends of the shafts 8 are connected in known manner to coil springs H.

The castings l constitute a triple roller guide for the revolving shuttle l2, namely by means of the vertical edge la, the horizontal edge lb and also the inclined extension lc, of the casting 5. The run wheels and guide rollers of the shuttle are arranged so as to correspond with these three guide surfaces.

The shafts 8 which are located in a cylindrical plane are in manner known per se connected to the individual lifters l3 of the jacquards, Figures Figure 1 illustrates one half of a circular loom l and 2, comprising four single jacquards I, II,

in vertical section, the other half being in side elevation.

Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the jacquard machine on the line 22 of the Figure 1.

Figure 3 illustrates on a larger scale one of indicated at 10 (Figs. 1 and 2) having four plate I11 and IV arranged bove the loom and controlled by solenoids M1'--M4 (Figure 4) as will be I explained more in detail hereinafter.

Mounting the apparatus is a frame generally and I6, and rings I8 and I9.

in each case a pair of upright guide bars or' shafts I which are secured at their lower ends to plates I6. Upon each pair of shafts I5 is fixed a pivot mounting block 11 upon which is pivoted a lever I8 connected at the ends thereof to a pair of opposite links I9, 80 which in turn are connected at their upper and lower ends respectively to a pair of sliding blocks8l, 82' slidably mounted upon said two shafts. The links I and intermediate lever virtually form a sort of two-way toggle which operates to raise block 8| when block 82 is lowered along shafts I5 and vice versa. The upper block 8| is adapted to support the lifters I3 when the same has been'sumciently lowered to catch the upper edges thereof reach the contact Jr a new shed must be formed in the quarter circle or section Ia by means of the appropriate Jacquard. For this purpose the beneath the hook portions I3a of apertures in said block through which the lifters pass.

- To the lower right endof I8 is pivotally connected a driving link 83, which at its lower end is connected to an eccentric portion 84 of a wheel 85 concentrically mounted with a worm gear 88. The wheel 85 in each of the four jacquards has a clutch portion 81 containing clutch member 88 adapted to engage with the teeth of a clutch 89 upon the worm gear 86, while operable means (not shown) actuated by the respec tive solenoid associated with the jacquard mechanism involved engages in a slot 98 upon the drum 9I of wheel 85 so that if the worm gear 86 is rotated continuously by a worm 92 upon shaft 93 the shifting of the clutch member 88 will thus control operation or idling'of the jacquard involved. The drums of the other jacjquards preferably are of similar construction, but the details have been omitted therefrom to simplify the drawings (Fig. 2).

The electric control of the loom is effected according to the invention by means of the shuttle I2. Figure 4 illustrates by way of example a constructional form of electric arrangement and wiring diagram which solves this problem. h

Upon the shuttle I2 there are arranged three current collecting brushes I4, I5, I8, by means of which the current may be picked up with the circuit of the relay R1 of the appertaining solenoid M1, and through the relay R1 also the circuit of the direct current winding of the solenoid Mi, are closed, so that the switch mechanism Ki is engaged by means of the commutator of the solenoid M1.

There are four such contacts Ji-Ji on the upper contact ring I9 one for each of the four jacquards. Between these contacts there are contact and is arranged within the loom trough.

The leads of the contacts Jr-J4 inserted upon the upper contact ring I9 are taken to the other ends of the windings of the relays Ri-Ri. Between those leads and the lead 29 there are inserted in parallel the push-button instantaneous switches D1D4 by means of which the circuit of the individual relays Rl-RA and thus the alternating motion of the jacquards may be engaged and disengaged independently of one another by means of the shuttle as well as (manually. a

The contacts El-EB arranged on' the upper contact ring I9, are connected via switches e1es to one end of the'winding of the relay E:

by means of the common lead 24. Owing to this connection the circuit of he relay E1 is closed during the revolution of the shuttle only at the contacts atwhich' also the appertaining switch is closed. In this manner it is possible to adjust at will the extent -to. which the hat shape is raised. The lead 25 is taken via the switch 26 to the lower contact ring H which aid of .the three superposed contact rings I'I, I8. I9 consisting of metal disks attached to and switches K1K4 for the individual drives of the I jacquards; IIV, andthe lifting magnet are controlled respectively by the sliding brushes I5 In the case of circular looms the warpthread layer is of course dividedinto two or flinore' groups because the revolving shuttle .is always locatedin the circular shed, so that ajsimultaneous changing of all the warp threads cannot take place, but in successive sections, because the raising and lowering of the lifters I8 can never extend to more than an arc of the circle, preferably at the moment when the shuttle has'already left the old portion of the shed and entered an is arranged within the loom trough, and through which current is fed to the motor 20 which is builtinto the shuttle I2. The motor M; which drives the jacquards IIV is fed from the alternating'current supply line through the switch Mk, a main switch H being provided for switching the mains on and oil.

The solenoids M1'--M4 of the jacquards and the solenoid M1- for raising the hat shape 'I are fed from the direct current supply line which is switch G- pins 42 being-attached to said rods.

already prepared new shed. In the example of i shownin heavy lines in'the drawings, said supply being switched on by means of thehami operated The bobbins which carrythe individual warp threads f5 are'arrangedso as'to be easily accessible about the loom in such a manner as to constitute a conical surface. Flat rods M are provided. for mounting; the bobbins .4, horizontal At each bobbin there is a cord 41 'leaded'by means of a weight 46, so that the warp threads 5 are kept under constant uniform tension.-

In. order to ensure steady travel and to prenular track, obliquely mounted wheels 21 run-. ning onan internal inclined guide surface, and

' external supporting rollers 29 running upon an extemal cylindrical supporting surface.

At the front portion of the shuttle I2 there is arranged the device for beating up the inserted weft thread in the fabric, said device possessing a pressure disk 3| which is rotatably mounted between two fiat jaws 30. The pins 32 of the pivotably mounted arms 33 and 34 are attached to the jaws 30. The ends of the arms 33 and 34 are designed in the manner of toothed segments 33a and 34a and intermesh. Arms 35, 36 are hingedly connected respectively to the arms 33 and 34. A cord pulley 31, 38 is excentrically atthe inside and the right hand end of'said lower rack meshes in the right hand gearwheel from the outside. At the inner ends of the two racks are attached the hooks 44, between which a coil spring 45 is mounted. Cord pulleys 48 are rotatably mounted on the pins 40. Above the arms 35, 36, there are rotatably arranged upon the pins 40 further cord pulleys. One end of the pull cords 5| is attached to the arms 33, 34, and the other end is connected to the upper and lower end respectively of the coil spring 52. The pins 40 are pivotably mounted in a bow 53 and the latter may be pivoted upon the brackets 54 and pins 55.

The method of working of device is as follows:

At the commencement of the weaving process the pressure disk 3| assumes a horizontal position, Figure 6, and rests upon the needle 49 inserted in the apex of the hat shape 1, the hat shape having been raised to the appropriate position. In this position of the pressure disk 3| the coil springs 43 and 52 are only. very moderately tensioned and consequently the weft thread which is inserted in wavy line is pressed the above described only with moderate pressure into position in the already finished fabric in order to obtain the desired uniform close weave of the individual courses of the weft thread. As the diameter of the fabric thus produced increases, the pressure disk 3| .is gradually moving away from the apex of the shape 1, and this gradually tensions the coil spring 52 by means of the arms 33, 34, with the aid of the cord pulleys 31, 38, which are eccentrically attached to the hinges, and of the pull cords 5| which pass over said pulleys. At the same time the coil spring 45 is also gradually tensioned due to the fact that the arms 33, 34 (cause the arms 35, 36 which are hingedly' connected thereto, to pivot outwardly about the pins 46, to displace the racks 43, which engage the gearwheels 39 cross-wise with respect to one another, in such a manner as to tension the differential coil spring 45 which is mounted between the hooks 44. However, this tensioning action continues only until the pressure disk 3| reaches the rounded portion a of the hat shape 1 where the crown commences to extend into the cylindrical portion 2) thereof. During the continuation of the weaving of the trunk, i. e. the cylindrical portion, the further tensioning of the difierential coil spring 45 ceases, because during this stage of the manufacture of the trunk the tensioning device is in its centre position, in which the lower arms 35, 36 extend perpendicular to the bow 53, whilst the upper arms 33, 34

assume their extreme position. In this centre position of the tensioning device the pressure disk 3| exerts its greatest pressure. The manufacture of the cylindrical portion of the trunk must from this point onward be efiected with uniform, that is to say unvarying beating up in order to obtain a uniformly close weave. When the cylindrical portion of the trunk has been woven, that is to say when proceeding the weave the piece of fabric corresponding to the brim portion of the hat from point 0 to point 11 the two lower arms 35, 36 are pivoted further inwardly, so that the two upper arms 33, 34 are turned back i. e. pivoted outwardly. The result of this is that'the racks 43 allow the hooks 44 to approach one another thus gradually detensioning the difierential coil spring 45.

The coil spring 52 is gradually tensioned from the commencement to the end of the manufacture of the trunk, by means of the pull cords 5| passing over the cord pulleys 31, 38 attached to the lower arms 35, 36 respectively. During the first stage of the weaving the total pressure exerted by the coil spring 52 and the difi'erential coil spring 45 increases from zeroto maximum, whilst during the second stage of the weaving i. e. during the manufacture of the brim portion, the combined pressure of the two coil springs gradually diminishes because the tension of the differential coil spring 45 gradually decreases.

The arrangement ofthe rotatable pressure disk 3| possessing the advantage of substantially reducing the friction upon the warp threads, but. the substitution of the pressure disk by a suitably shaped sliding pressure member in no way alters the nature of the invention.

In the constructional form illustrated in Figures 7 and 8, the pressure disk 3| produces the same effect as in the case of the aforesaid doublearmed device for beating up the filling thread, the only difference being that in the modified constructional form only one coil spring is used for this purpose.

In this constructional form the pressure disk 3| is rotatably mounted in the free slotted end of the bent pressure arm 56, said arm being properly speaking designed in the form of a double armed lever. By means of the short extension 51 of said lever the coil spring 58 is compressed with the aid of the .pull rod 59 and the.

coil spring retainer 66. At the same time the coil spring 58 is however furthercompressed, owing to the roller 6| rolling over the rising portion of the arcuate track 62 attached to the pressure arm 56 and with the aid of the two coil spring retainers 60, 63. is rotatable about the pin 64 and said pin at the same time engages the longitudinal slots of the two coil spring retainers '66 and 63, which may thus be displaced to a certain extent with respect to one another. The two coil spring retainers 66, 63 are further pivotably mounted in a crossmember 65 about horizontal pins 66, 61. The cross-member itself is attached to the bottom of the shuttle.

The pressure which may be exerted upon the fabric by the pressure disk 3| is in this constructional form varied according to requirements with the aid of one single coil spring during the various stage of manufacture of the trunk merely by means of the different inclination of the curved track 62 which is attached to the pressure arm 56 and influences a pressure roller 6|,

The pressure arm 56 so that also with the aid of this constructional form a uniformly close weave may be produced.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature or my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:

1. In a circular loom having an electrically driven rotating shuttle and at least one Jacquard loom controlled by the latter for making hats and hat-shaped structures. the combination of a pressure applicator comprising a rotatable pressing disc arranged to act within the shed in order to press the weft thread which has been passed in. against the finished fabric and produce uniform dense stumps, rotatably mounted arms allowing said pressing disc to be moved radially in relation to the workpiece and also in the upward direction, and coil springs capable of adjustment and advance for causing said disc to be subjected to a variable compressing pressure at the various progressive stages of manuiacturin the hats.

4- assesses 2.. A circular loom according to claim 1. kn cluding a plurality of arms arranged in pairs and articulated to each other and se to carry the pressure disc, a pair of helical springs of variable tension acting upon said arms in order to move the same and a draw bar and rack gears operated by said pressure disc upon moving radially inwards or outwards and reflective to increase or decrease the tension of said springs according to the direction of movement oi said disc.

3. A circular loom according to claim 1,.ineluding a pressure arm which is rotatable in all directions a shoulder upon said rotatable pressure arm capable oi influencing one helical spring causing the pressure disc to be pressed against the finished fabric, and a cam disc arranged on said pressure arm for altering the pressure efleot at various stages of the manufacture of the hats, said cam disc having a plurality of inclined portions.

IMRE BAUMGARTEN. 

